![]() natives of differing native tongues), as well as between other language groups. Extended - If contact is more prolonged, Pidgin develops, and may be situationally encouraged to be used between natives themselves (i.e. Restricted - The beginnings of Pidgin, used as a fundamental necessity when contact between language groups (English and native) is limited. Scholarly debate remains however, as to what point a Pidgin language can evolve to become a Creole and replace a native language over the generations.Īs an idea of how language evolves, from 'no common language' between English and native groups, to 'Pidgin' languages to 'Creole', the tongue follows four main stages of development. Historically, Pidgin occurs in situations where native language is seen as subordinate, or banned in the case of slavery, and is the point where Pidgin arguably moves to become a Creole, or a stable, 'nativised' language. Pidgins are also not used as mother tongues, though over time and generations, the language evolves, is adopted and changes to gradually become a first language for new generations. Because of their spontaneous adaptability, Pidgins are unlike other languages in that they can be as structured or as unstructured as needed - there are no strict rules as such. For example in Tok Pisin, 'gras bilong het' (or grass belong head) simply means 'hair'. ![]() Found in Africa (West African Pidgins include Nigerian Pidgin, Cameroonian Pidgin, Sierra Leone Krio), Indonesia (Tok Pisin, spoken in Papua New Guinea), parts of Asia and the Caribbean, English derived Pidgins are inventive, innovative, and often quite literal. Pidgin is a wide term covering a range of regional hybrids, which evolved through historical events such as the spread of Empires, settlement, migration and international trade. This language is then transferred by word of mouth to others and becomes the acknowledged way for the different speaking communities to communicate. When people need to communicate but speak different native languages, they may combine their own languages to create a new ‘pidgin language'. A pidgin language is a variety created by combining two or more existing languages through the process of ‘pidginization’. Major language changes usually occur over centuries, but the language contact that forms pidgins results in ‘rapid language change and evolution’ (Patrick. It is mostĬommonly employed in situations such as trade, or where both groups speak languages different from the language of the country in which they reside. A pidgin, or pidgin language is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common. To support this idea he points out that in the ancient Egypt there was a trade language developed among several Hamito-Semitic languages in contact in the Nile Valley, which can be considered a pidgin. Holm (1988) considers language contact to be nearly as old as language itself. In the case of Nigeria however, Akande (2008:37) notes that, the social linguistic reality in Nigeria today is such that Nigerian Pidgin English is spoken by university graduates, professors, lawyers and journalists. Nigerian Pidgin English used to be seen mainly as the code of the non-literate as well as a bastardization of English, therefore, was considered as indicative of academic proficiency in English. It basically uses English words mixed into Yoruba, Benin or Igbo grammar. Shaibu (2013) describes Nigerian Pidgin English as a combination of indigenous languages and English. ![]() The origin of pidgin could be traced to 1850, when it first appeared in print. The background to this study is examined from two viewpoints, which include: The History of Pidgin which also reiterates the form in which pidgin occurs, and Pidgin in the 21st Century.įundamentally, a pidgin is a simplified means of linguistic communication, as it is constructed impromptu, or by convention, between individuals or groups of people. ![]() This Chapter will be presented in six sections: background information, statement of the problem, aim and objective, the significance of the study and the scope of the study. THE ROLE OF PIDGIN AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION IN UNIFYING STUDENTS ![]()
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